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2025年12月大学英语四级阅读理解练习：欧洲吉普赛人
Europe’s Gypsies, Are They a Nation?
The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer anunprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies to be recognized as a nation, albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might evenseek some kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of theUnion’s present and future countries. Some experts put the figure at 4m-plus; someproponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m.
Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their languageis related to Hindi, their territorial origins are misty. Romanian peasants held them to be bornon the moon. Other Europeans thought them migrant Egyptians, hence thederivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers whodrifted west from India in the 7th century.
However, since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago, the notion ofRomanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground. TheInternational Romany Union, which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries, isfostering the idea of “self-rallying”. It is trying to promote a standard and written form of thelanguage; it waves a Gypsy flag when it lobbies in such places as theUnited Bations; and in July it held a congress in Prague, The Czech capital. Where PresidentVaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.
At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer, Emil Scuka, was elected president of the InternationalTomany Union. Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians, including members ofparliament, mayors and local councilors from all over Europe , to discuss how TOPersuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.
The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speakfor Gypsies, but that is not saying a lot. Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at itscongress, few were democratically elected; oddly, none came from Hungary, whose Gypsiesare perhaps the world’s best organized, with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councilsthere. The union did, however, announce its ambition to set up a parliament, but how itwould actually be elected was left undecided.
So far, the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as anation. The might, it is feared, open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques, Corsicans andother awkward peoples. Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire, just whenseveral countries, particularly Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, are beginning to treatthem better, in order to qualify for EU membership. “The EU’s whole premise is to overcomedifferences, not to highlight them,” says a nervous Eurocrat.
But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largestcontinent wide minority, and one with a terrible history of persecution, is catching on . Gypsieshave suffered many pogroms over the centuries. In Romania, the country that still has thelargest number of them , in the 19th century they were actually enslaved. Hitlertried to wipe them out, along with the Jews.
“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,” says Jan Marinus Wiersma, aDutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current commissionersshould be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominent Gypsies say they should be moredirectly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament. That, they argue, mightgive them a boost. There are moves afoot to help them to get money for, among other things, a Gypsy university.
One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are, in fact, extremely heterogeneous. They belong tomany different, and often antagonistic, clans and tribes, with no common language orreligion, Their self-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt. Still, says, Dimitrina Petrova, head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest, Gypsies’ sharedexperience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity, she says, stems from “being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”
And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic. In Slovakia and Bulgaria, for instance, Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament. InMacedonia, a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality. Nicholas Gheorge, an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE, reckons that, spread over Central Europe, there arenow about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors, 400-odd local councilors, and a growing number ofbusinessmen and intellectuals.
That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation. But, with theGypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe, they are making ground.
1. The Best Title of this passage is
[A]. Gypsies Want to Form a Nation. [B]. AreThey a Nation.
[C]. EU Is Afraid of Their Growth. [C]. They Are aTribe
2. Where are the most probable Gypsy territory origins?
[A]. Most probably they drifted west from India in the 7th century.
[B]. They are scattered everywhere in the world.
[C]. Probably, they stemmed from Central Europe.
[D]. They probably came from the International Romany Union.
3. What does the International Romany lobby for?
[A]. It lobbies for a demand to be accepted by such international organizations as EU andUN.
[B]. It lobbies for a post in any international Romany Union.
[C]. It lobbies for the right as a nation.
[D]. It lobbies for a place in such international organizations as the EU or UN.
4. Why is the Europe Commission wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselvesas a nation?
[A]. It may open a Pandora’s Box.
[B]. Encouragement may lead to some unexpected results.
[C]. It fears that the Basgnes, Corsicans and other nations seeking separation may raisethe same demand.
[D]. Gyspsies’ demand may highlight the difference in the EU.
5. The big problem lies in the fact that
[A]. Gypsies belong to different and antagonistic clans and tribes without a commonlanguage or religion.
[B]. Their leaders prove corrupt.
[C]. Their potential unity stems from “being regarded as sub-human”.
[D]. They are a bit more pragmatic.
1. B. 他们是一个民族/国家吗?整篇文章环境这一点而写，文章刚开始就提出中欧入欧盟的国家会给国内吉普塞人一个机会，承认他们是一个民族——国家，虽然没界定的领土。吉普塞人的领袖人物也指出其人数超越欧盟中很多目前有些和以后要入盟的国家。他们至少要在欧盟中有一席之地。第二段提出，吉普塞和犹太人不同，他们没可回归的祖居地。他们的语言属印欧语系。英国人觉得他们来自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世纪时一些流浪的手工业工人和艺人从印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一种思想——以吉普塞文化为基础的无疆土的吉普塞民族应有个说话的地方—愈加为人同意。国际吉普塞人网盟声称代表30多个国家的吉普塞人，做了几件事：展开自我联合，提出语言标准和书面形式，在联合国进行游说活动时挥动吉普塞国旗，在布鲁塞尔设立办事处，6月在捷克首都布拉格召开会议。第四段集中讲到会上选出了网盟主席。一群选出吉普塞的政治家——国会议员，市长，地方政务委员第三在布拉格开会，会议由欧洲安全合作条款组织召集，来讨论怎么样动员更多的吉普塞人参政。第五段涉及网盟雄心勃勃的宣布要打造国会，但怎么样实质操作还未落实。后面主如果外面对吉普塞的态度。第六段描述欧盟委员会在吉普塞作为最大的国内少数民族，历史上遭到残酷的迫害，应取得特别承认。
19世纪他们横遭奴役，希特勒企图把它们和犹太人一块消灭。第八段讲了欧洲会议中有人提出吉普塞在欧洲机构中应有一席之地，还建议一个常务委员负责吉普塞事务。还有行动筹办打造一所吉普塞大学。后面两段讲的是困难，第九段点出。最后一段指出，目前说他们有人有钱可以组成为时还早，可是吉普塞是欧盟中日程表上的一个问题，他们日益接近解决。从内部，外部状况剖析都说明吉普塞是一个组成国家的民族。全文都是环绕它是否，是否应该承觉得民族/国家而写，所以B项他们是否民族是最好标题。
A. 吉普塞要想组成一个国家。这只不过文章涉及到的部分内容，中欧国家想加入欧盟一事可能产生的结果。 C. 欧盟害怕它们成长。 D. 他们是一个部落。
2. A. 最可能是在7世纪从印度流浪到西方。见第1题第二注解。
B. 他们分散在世界各地。 C. 可能他们来自于中欧。 D. 他们可能来自国际吉普塞人网盟。
3. D. 它们在这类国际组织，如欧盟，联合国中进行活动游说要获得一席之地。见第1题第一段，三段注解。
A. 它们游说活动欧盟和联合国同意他们的需要。太抽象。 B. 它们活动游说在国际机构获得职位。 C. 他们游说作为民族的权利。
4. C. 它害怕巴斯克人，科西嘉人和其它需要分裂的民族会提出同样的需要。见难句译注11。
A. 它或许会打开潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只不过比喻。 B. 鼓励或许会致使某些意料之外的结果。 D. 吉普塞的需要会加深欧盟分歧。 B,D两项不够明确。
5. A. 吉普塞人是不一样的，而且常常是对抗的民族的部落，还没一同的语言和宗教信仰。
B. 他们领袖非常腐败。 C. 他们潜在的团结来自让人看作是低于人类。 D. 他们有点太讲究实效， B,C, D 三项不是主要问题。主要问题是A. 项。
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